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Scroll down to read the two hundredth twenty--eighth issue of FreePint, which was published 19 April 2007.
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19th April 2007
No.228
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About FreePint
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FreePint is a global network of people who find, use, manage and share work-related information. Members receive this free twice-monthly newsletter, packed with tips, features and resources.
Joining FreePint is free at <http://www.freepint.com/> and connects information practitioners around the world with resources, events and answers to their tricky research and information questions at the FreePint Bar, our free online forum: <http://www.freepint.com/bar/>.
Please share FreePint with others by forwarding this message. The FreePint Newsletter is available online in several formats and can be read, saved and forwarded at <http://www.freepint.com/issues/>.
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Editorial
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By Monique Cuvelier
Love ain't easy - it's a cliche, but it also happens to be true. Ask anyone who's ever loved if it brought 100% happiness 100% of the time.
Making relationships run smoothly is bloody hard work, whether you're talking about staying married, having a child or even deepening connections with clients.
That last part might sound overstated, but that's just the problem, if you ask Robbie Frazer, managing director of Prenax <http://www.prenax.co.uk/>, a subscription agent that won the Online Information/FreePint award for customer service in December.
'People think good customer service is about being friendly and answering the phone on the fourth ring,' Frazer told me over a drink a few weeks ago. 'But that's not enough. The question is: "Do the company's executives feel it in their gut when the phone isn't answered by the fourth ring?"'
Creating solid customer service is about love - tough love. Frazer explains the lessons Prenax learned and still follow when it comes to creating a positive customer service culture.
We also feature in this issue an article to help you internally with product evaluations. FreePint's FUMSI reports <http://web.freepint.com/ go/shop/report/> has just released a new report that presents step-by-step information on how to evaluate products. Read on for free needs assessment strategies.
Finally, we ask one of our favourite search gurus Martin White for his desert island books - those titles he turns to time and again to assist him in his career as an intranet consultant. Check out his new book from Facet Publishing, "Making Search Work: Implementing web, intranet and enterprise search".
If you could choose five websites to take with you to a desert island, what would they be? We want to know for our My Favourite Tipples column. Send me your five faves (read guidelines here <http://www.onopoly.com/ author/freepint/>), and you might be published in these digital pages.
Sincerely,
Monique Cuvelier Editor, FreePint
e: monique.cuvelier@freepint.com
w: <http://www.onopoly.com/ support/team/>
FreePint is a Registered Trademark of Free Pint Limited (R) 1997-2007

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Blogs & Social Media Forum - 5 June 2007 - London
<http://www.socialmediaforum.co.uk>
Examining the Impact of Social Media and Enterprise 2.0
<<From the Organisers of Online Information>>
Practical ideas and strategies from leading experts including
Case-studies from General Motors, The Economist.com, BUPA, BP/Castrol,
Ask.com, BBC New Media and Sun Microsystems
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NEW: Product Evaluation Report and Tool Kit
Turn trials into evaluations, tuned to your needs
Define criteria, conduct needs assessment, create methodology and implement evaluation; includes 5 hands-on worksheets, sample needs assessment tools and evaluation report
Instant online access with credit card purchase:
<http://web.freepint.com/go/ shop/report/product-evaluation/>
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My Favourite Tipples
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By Michael Gutierrez
As a reference librarian, I am constantly bombarded by new websites to explore. These are five that I have found useful over the past few months.
- Topix.net <http://www.topix.net/> provides easy access to relevant
world, local and personalised news by categorising headlines from
various publications.
- KartOO <http://www.kartoo.com/> is a metasearch engine that displays
important websites and significant thematics in an interactive map.
The interactive map can be used to refine the searched topic.
- Technorati <http://www.technorati.com/> is a gateway search engine
that allows users to explore the world of weblogs. Technorati also
searches video blogs, podcasts and other global conversations
happening on the web.
- Public Agenda <http://www.publicagenda.org/> is used daily by
concerned citizens, students, policy makers and journalists to
explore different perspectives and syntheses of public attitudes, as
well as pertinent facts and figures.
- Catalog of Nonprofit Literature <http://lnps.fdncenter.org/> is a
searchable database for such topics as fundraising, proposal
development and works related to charitable giving. It includes
project reports, studies and statistical analyses.
Michael Gutierrez is a reference librarian at the University of Delaware Library <http://www.lib.udel.edu/> and is currently obtaining his doctorate in Education Technology.
Submit your top five favourite web sites. See the guidelines at <http://www.freepint.com/author/>.
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For the latest information on M&As in the Emerging Markets: Log onto DealWatch
<http://www.securities.com/dw>
Significant and comprehensive information about M&A & ECM transactions and much more:
- News and forward looking information on M&A & ECM-related activity
from bureaus in the emerging markets
- Deal Databases, cataloguing, deals & transactions, valuations
multiples etc.
<http://www.securities.com/dw>
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Countries, Consumers, Comprehensive Coverage
The latest issue of VIP offers in-depth view of Euromonitor productsAlso in this issue: Web 2.0 opportunities for business; Global Reports
review; news analysis and latest products
Subscribe or purchase single issues:
<http://www.vivaVIP.com/>
"An invaluable resource for keeping abreast of developments in the
information world." Read more customer comments:
<http://www.vivavip.com/testimonials/>
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FreePint Bar
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In Association with Factiva from Dow Jones
By Monique Cuvelier
<http://www.freepint.com/bar>
Growing populations and markets are hot topics in the FreePint Bar <http://www.freepint.com/bar>. Keep reading for nuggets on how people are addressing these issues, and then participate in the discussions.
- As the population continues to age and reach retirement age, more
companies are thinking about what to do when some of their most
valuable employees leave the workplace. One person in the Bar is
conducting an informal survey on how others are handling 'effective
knowledge transfer and retention strategies for when senior
employees' retire or leave. Lend your insights
<http://www.freepint.com/go/b121422>.
- An exodus of older employees is always followed by new employees,
some of whom may not have much work experience. That's the situation
one FreePinter is facing with a new library administrative staff
with no background working in a library. She's looking to offer a
training program and searching for ideas. Have any?
<http://www.freepint.com/go/b121282>. More ideas in the Student Bar
<http://www.freepint.com/go/s23349>.
- Free Pint's DigBig <http://www.digbig.com/> comes to the rescue for
a newsletter editor who's seeking a way to shorten long URLs. Read
how others are using this service in innovative ways
<http://www.freepint.com/go/b120436>.
- One frustrated Bar-ista is wondering how much companies spend on
marketing compared to their company turnover, specifically in the
information technology sector. She's out of ideas - and out of money
- so offer advice if you have any
<http://www.freepint.com/go/b121542>.
- Another inquisitive Bar member is wondering how big the construction
market is in United Arab Emirates
<http://www.freepint.com/go/b121549>. It's an exploding sector that's
sure to keep growing. Keep your eyes on VIP, which is planning a
special issue on researching companies in the Middle East
<http://www.vivaVIP.com/>.
A FreePint addiction is one you can live with. Hook your colleagues by telling them to subscribe - no cost <http://www.freepint.com/subs/>.
The FreePint Bar is where you can get free help with your tricky research questions <http://www.freepint.com/bar>
Help with study for information-related courses is available at the FreePint Student Bar <http://www.freepint.com/student>.
Subscribe to the twice-weekly email digests at <http://www.freepint.com/subs/>.
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Eliminate the non-essential and focus on the relevant.
Download the White Paper "Redefining Business Search - A picture is Worth a Thousand Documents" and learn how visualization technologies can help you easily discover what you didn't know.
<http://www.factiva.com/ ad/2007/freepint>
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NEW: Company Portfolio Report Series
Convenient collection of reports, views and news
<http://web.freepint.com/go/ shop/report/>
Ideal for product research, competitive intelligence, company
backgrounders and more Now available: BvDEP, Factiva and OneSource
Coming soon: LexisNexis, Thomson News and Market Research products
Instant online access with credit card purchase:
<http://web.freepint.com/go/ shop/report/>
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Jinfo - Jobs in Information
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<http://www.jinfo.com/>
The Jinfo service enables you to search and advertise information- related job vacancies.
The Jinfo Newsletter now features a CV Makeover, in which a job seeker's CV is critiqued and revised by specialists in the field as well as career tips for all experience levels. Read the latest edition and subscribe free at <http://www.jinfo.com/newsletter/>.
Here is a selection of the latest featured entries in the Jinfo database:
United Kingdom
- Information Specialist
This post will focus on quick enquiry work, answering a wide
range of queries relating to the work of the Department.
Recruiter: TFPL Ltd.
<http://www.jinfo.com/go/j6672>
- Information Analyst (maternity cover)
Information Analyst (maternity cover). Ideally 4 days (30 hours)
per week but with some flexibility to being full-time.
Recruiter: Cushman & Wakefield
Country: United Kingdom
<http://www.jinfo.com/go/j6709>
- Supporting your career, your organisation, your industry.
5 Posts available now. Researchers and Corporate Specialists.
Recruiter: Intelligent Resources Ltd
<http://www.jinfo.com/go/j6586>
- Records Co-ordinator
A Records Co-ordinator is sought on a 12 month basis to work
with a West Midlands based Public Corporation.
Recruiter: Weekes Gray Recruitment
Country: United Kingdom
<http://www.jinfo.com/go/j6681>
- Knowledge Manager - Not For Profit
Contribute significantly to planning, integrating and achieving
the operational goals by imbedding knowledge management processes.
Recruiter: Glen Recruitment
Country: United Kingdom
<http://www.jinfo.com/go/j6706>
- Senior Knowledge Manager
Global accountancy firm seeks KM professional to identify needs,
develop strategy & implement content management processes.
Recruiter: Sue Hill Recruitment
Country: United Kingdom
<http://www.jinfo.com/go/j6715>
[The above jobs are paid listings]
NB: These are just a selection of information-related jobs in the Jinfo database <http://www.jinfo.com/>. Receive the latest job listings weekly with the free Jinfo Update. Free to subscribe at <http://www.jinfo.com/>
Jinfo -- the best place for information-related job vacancies.
- JOB SEARCHING?
-- Free search and sign up to the Jinfo Newsletter
- RECRUITING?
-- Complete the form and advertise a vacancy for just GBP195 <http://www.jinfo.com/recruit/> -- 10% discount for agencies -- 50% discount for registered charities
Find out more today at <http://www.jinfo.com/>
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ResourceShelf Resource of the Week: Intellectual Property - World Tour
Explore the latest posts in mobile search, search engine news,
podcasting and more.
Visit http://www.resourceshelf.com/ to subscribe to the free weekly newsletter, capture the RSS feeds and search the database.
http://www.resourceshelf.com/
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On the Ticker: Use DocuTicker for Full-Text Resources <http://www.docuticker.com/>
Find free full-text reports put out by government agencies, NGOs, charities and other public interest organisations. Recent additions:
- Changes in Driver Behavior Resulting
- Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty: 1987-2007
Subscribe to the weekly ResourceShelf Newsletter for highlights, capture the DocuTicker RSS feed, or visit daily.
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Tips Article
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Plain text | PDF | Contents
"Product Evaluations: Completing a Needs Assessment"
By FreePint FUMSI Editorial Staff
Over the course of doing business, every organisation encounters the need to conduct product evaluations. Sometimes evaluations are no more complex than taking advantage of a free trial period. For larger purchases, however, as well as products that require the input of many different stakeholders, it's important to approach product evaluation with the same rigour and attention to detail as any other research project.
A needs assessment is a critical step in creating a product evaluation plan that truly incorporates the unique needs of an organisation. This article, adapted from the recently published FreePint FUMSI report, Product Evaluation Report and Tool Kit, offers three approaches to building needs assessment tools:
- Surveys
- Focus Groups
- Workplace Observations
Surveys
Surveys are effective for gathering input from stakeholders, particularly those based in many different locations. Surveys can be conducted electronically through Web-based tools or the old fashioned way, on paper. If you haven't written surveys in the past, you may be surprised at how much planning and thought must go into crafting one to ensure you get good information.
This sample survey is designed to elicit user needs regarding a specific type of information. The survey could easily be implemented through a Web-based tool, making data collection and analysis much easier for the project manager.
Financial Information Needs Assessment The research centre is in the process of evaluating two database products to license for internal use. In order to help us make the right decision, we ask you to take 5 minutes to complete this brief survey about your needs and preferences for such a product. If you have any questions about this process or how the data will be used, please contact the research centre at extension 3353.
How frequently do you need or request financial information?
- Multiple times every day
- Once a day
- Three or four times a week
- Fewer than three times a week
When you access or request financial information, how critical is the data to your ability to perform your job?
- Essential - I can't work without it
- Important but not absolutely essential * Nice to have but not a real problem if missing
Are you familiar with the following database products?
The following list of features is among the evaluation criteria for these products. Please rate the following features based on how important they are to your work with financial information:
| Feature |
1 - not important |
2 |
3 |
4 - essential |
N/A |
| Downloadable reports - spreadsheet format |
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| Downloadable reports - other format |
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| Customisable taxonomy and indexing |
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| Ability to associate work with project codes |
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| Integration with news database(s)/results |
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| Graphical reporting within product (eg, charts, maps, etc.) |
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| Desktop access |
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| User-defined access to results (eg, personal folders for saved work) |
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| Online training |
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| Live chat support |
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What other features not named above are important to you in a financial database product or service?
Quick Tips for Crafting Surveys
- Be Brief: Your survey should be as short as possible and ideally
take fewer than 10 minutes to complete.
- Question Arrangement: Be sure to create logical flow to the order of
your questions - don't jump from one topic to another without
raising a few 'signposts' to guide your respondents.
Simplify your language: 'What is the frequency of your usage of the
information centre over the last 30 days?' is better understood as,
'About how many times have you sent a request to the information
centre in the last 30 days?' Relax your grammatical standards if
the questions sound too formal.
- Assure a common understanding: Write questions that everyone will
understand in the same way.
- Avoid leading questions: Leading questions demand a specific
response. Here's an example of a leading question:
Which of our premium databases is your preferred resource for news items?
As written, the leading question assumes that the premium database collection is the preferred resource - rather than the open Web, for example.
- Avoid 'double-barrelled' questions: Double-barrelled questions are
difficult to answer and impossible to interpret. Here's an example
of a double-barrelled question:
Is the Info Update newsletter interesting and useful?
The newsletter may be very interesting but not very useful.
- Limit open-ended questions: The more open-ended (or 'fill in the
blank') questions you include in your survey, the less likely
respondents are to provide thoughtful and meaningful responses, and
the less likely you are to get a high response rate. Open-ended
questions also require much more work in analysis and
interpretation.
Types of Questions and How to Use Them:
| Type of Question |
Example |
Results in ... |
Challenges |
| Rating scale |
Please indicate on a scale from 1 - 5, where 1 = 'not at all' and 5 = 'completely' your agreement with the following statements:[list] |
Numbers that you can average or analyse across a spread (i.e., how many selected 1, how many selected 2, etc.) |
Respondents may have different internal measures for how they rate items - one person's '3' may be another's '5.' Unless your survey has been vetted by a statistician, be sure to keep averages and spreads in perspective with other sources of data. |
| Multiple option lists |
What were your reasons for enrolling in the online training programme? Please check all that apply: |
Spread of responses from all respondents across specific categories of measurement (e.g., 75 % of respondents selected Option 1) |
Can create some 'muddiness' in the results if respondents select lots of options - difficult to tell what's really important to them; also be sure to include an 'other' category. |
| One-choice option lists |
What was the primary reason you signed up for the Expert Search Workshop? Select only one: |
Indicator of specific preferences and/or needs |
Forces respondents to single out a response, when they might prefer to select several; often helpful to combine with a multiple option question first, followed by a one-choice option question. |
| Open-ended questions |
What other topics would have been helpful to have covered in the programme? |
Respondents' unique and specific input |
Reviewing and tabulating responses can be difficult, if responses do not easily fall into identifiable groups; many respondents skip these questions entirely because they take more time and/or thought than they want to put into the survey. |
| Open-prompt questions |
What day of the month do you prefer for:Receiving the Info Update newsletter: [entry]Onsite Seminars: [entry]Project billing reports: [entry] |
Respondents' unique and specific input on particular areas or questions |
Reviewing and tabulating responses is time-consuming (though less so than for open-ended questions). |
Focus Groups
Like surveys, focus groups offer an opportunity to gather input directly from stakeholders regarding their wants and needs. One advantage of focus groups is that they create a forum for give-and- take. The group process can be creative, and a good focus group can surface needs that an evaluator did not even consider.
On the other hand, focus groups require more coordination of schedules, and reviewing results can be time-consuming since so much of the data is unstructured. And although more and more researchers are conducting online, asynchronous focus groups, it is still much more common for focus groups to be conducted in person, meaning that participants must be brought together at the same time and place.
Preparing for a focus group with a good discussion outline lays the groundwork for success and sets appropriate expectations for everyone participating in the group. The provided sample outline for a discussion guide is a starting point for adaptation.
This sample focus group discussion guide demonstrates an approach to organising a focus group session.
Introduction and Welcome
Explain Purpose Prior to conducting an in-depth product evaluation, we want to gather input from you regarding your needs for this and similar products.
General Instructions for Session:
- No right or wrong answers
- Your opinion is what counts
- Provide candid input
- Lasts about 1 hour
- Confidentiality guaranteed.
1. What do you consider to be the most useful product on your desktop?
Why? (Surface preferences and essential workflow needs based on
responses)
2. How would you go about replacing that product if it weren't
available anymore?
3. We're evaluating products for our market research collection. What
are the products you are most interested in for this collection?
Why? (Listen for products on our evaluation list)
4. Straw poll: On the flip chart is a list of product features. When I
read out loud the feature you think is most important for a market
research product, please raise your hand. (Look for clusters;
generate additional discussion around important features)
5. Let's look at different ways you use the output of a market
research product in your work. Talk us through a typical project and
the ways market research is essential, important or just 'nice to
have' as part of the project. (Let members share and note needs
around workflow integration, frequency of usage, level of detail
required, etc)
6. Summarise priorities and thank participants for their time.
Tips for Successful Focus Groups
- Determine your purpose - What do you need to know that you don't
know?
- Select the proper group size (usually 6-10), composition, and time
- Establish a recording method
- Recording
- Note-taker
- Flip charts
- Other method
- Recruit participants based on purpose
- Bringing together 'like minds' is more effective than striving for
diversity in each group
- Be sensitive to internal politics
- Craft your questions ahead of time
- Consider unique value of group experience - what can you get in a
group that you can't get from a survey?
- Pre-test your questions to be sure they are clear and targeted
- Identify which questions you are willing to drop if time runs short
- Manage the group
- Encourage quiet participants
- Listen for tone
- Keep to time
- Reflect back what you hear to ensure understanding
- Write results as soon as possible following the session to capture insight.
Workplace Observation
Surveys and focus groups are both needs assessment tools that rely on users' self-reported needs and preferences. But users are not always accurate when they self-report things like the amount of time certain tasks take or the number of steps a project takes. Workplace observations can be a helpful needs assessment tool when decision- critical information demands accuracy in these areas. An external observer can time tasks, record steps and ask clarifying questions about tasks that the worker may not even be aware of doing.
Workplace observations are time-consuming and are used much more rarely than surveys or focus groups. For significant cost-savings related to worker time and tasks, however, they are more reliable than self-reported data.
This sample workplace observation outline is designed to capture information about workflow and hidden costs of search associated with time:
Database log-ins during 4-hour period (add hash mark for each log-in):
Duration of sample search sessions (time with stopwatch):
| Subject of search |
Time started |
Duration |
Next action following search |
| |
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First Steps, Next Steps
A needs assessment is part of a whole approach to product evaluation that starts with defining evaluation criteria, continues through methodology design and data gathering, and ends with purchase recommendations. Incorporating a needs assessment helps ensure that the product evaluation actually meets user needs. Most business products will do what they say they will do - a content management system will manage content; a premium content database will provide access to premium content. The needs assessment connects a product's features and functionality directly to user needs, enabling decision- makers to choose products best suited to the enterprise.
This article was adapted from an appendix in the recently published FreePint FUMSI Report, Product Evaluation Report and Tool Kit (URL). FreePint FUMSI reports are practical workbooks designed to help information practitioners Find, Use, Manage and Share work-related Information (FUMSI). Learn more about FUMSI <http://www.freepint.com/fumsi/>.
Related FreePint links:
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CV Makeover: A New Zealand Student's CV Is Transformed
Current Jinfo Newsletter feature: "CV Makeover: New Zealand Student
with Hospitality Experience Shifts to the Information Industry."
Read it now & subscribe for free:
<http://www.jinfo.com/newsletter/>
Get the Weekly update of the latest jobs, or search the online
database at any time for great jobs at all levels of experience:
<http://www.Jinfo.com/>
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Researcha :: Immediate pay-as-you-go company data
Access hard-to-find data on UK company directors, original company filing images and company data for Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland.
Researcha is free to search and view basic details, with convenient report delivery
<http://www.Researcha.com/>.
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Review
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Plain text | PDF | Contents
"Book Case: Best Books for Intranet Consultants"
Martin White
As a consultant you never quite know what the next telephone call or email will bring, other than in my case it will be something to do with intranets. On a long flight out to Phoenix recently I started to think about which books might be in my emergency kit if I had to fly out at a moment's notice, a sort of intranet Red Adair! <http://www.redadair.com/bio.html>
I've been quoted (by the authors!) as saying that if I just had to take one book, it would be "Information Architecture for the World Wide Web" <http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9780596527341/index.html> by Peter Morville and Louis Rosenfeld. The 3rd edition was published late in 2006 but was a somewhat cut-and-paste revision of the 2nd edition, though the chapter on search functionality was much improved. Don't be put off by the reference to the Web; the book is just as relevant to intranets. Peter's book "Ambient Findability" <http://press.oreilly.com/pub/pr/1438> is a good read and has a very compelling preface, and I read it as a means of stimulating lateral thinking when short of good ideas. One of the problems of working as a sole consultant is that there is no one sitting across the desk with whom to brainstorm.
A key role for an intranet is in sustaining competitive advantage through effective access to information. No one has written about this better than Don Marchand <http://www.donaldmarchand.com/>, though Tom Peters <http://www.tompeters.com/> started it all with his book "Liberation Management" in 1992. Those were the days of Lotus Notes rather than the Web, but the insights and case studies are just as relevant today.
Sometimes, of course, information is mismanaged, and this was the major contributory factor to the failure of the Challenger Space Shuttle mission in 1986. Read Diane Vaughan's book "The Challenger Launch Decision" <http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/13075.ctl>, and you'll never think about information the same way again. I am constantly fascinated by the information management issues that must have arisen in the use of decoded German signal traffic in World War II. David Kahn <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kahn> started the flood with his book "The Codebreakers", and then Harry Hinsley <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Hinsley> wrote the definitive analysis with multiple tomes.
Intranets also need to support networks, and Rob Cross <http://www.robcross.org/> writes about "The Hidden Power of Social Networks" with a lot of authority and includes some useful workshop techniques. I feel that intranets need to be task-based - not just information stores - and I am an advocate of personas in defining the content and structure of intranets. "The User is Always Right" by Steve Mulder <http://www.muldermedia.com/> with Ziv Yaar is probably going to be the definitive handbook.
Of course, one of the challenges that intranets present is the way in which they need to reflect corporate culture, as I found out last year when working in the Middle East for the first time. Fortunately I had read the relevant sections in "When Cultures Collide" <http://www.crossculture.com/publications/wcc/index.html> by Richard Lewis. Peg Neuhauser's book "Culture.com" <http://www.pegneuhauser.com/html/my_books.html> is an excellent introduction to corporate culture in the virtual office.
My interests recently have turned to search, and I enjoy browsing through "A History of Online Information Services 1963-1976" <http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=9955> by Charles Bourne and Trudi Bellardo Hahn, as it reminds me that search did not start with Google.
I will finish with two books that are information-rich but not directly about intranets. Richard Rhodes <http://www.richardrhodes.com/> is a genius at information research. Try his book "The Making of the Atomic Bomb". And if I could just have one book for the rest of my life it would have to be "Johann Sebastian Bach - The Learned Musician" <http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199248841> by Christoph Wolff. Both authors illustrate that it is not just about information research but how information is analysed, synthesised and presented.
Martin White is the Managing Director of Intranet Focus Ltd. He is the author of The Content Management Handbook (2005) and Making Search Work (2007) both published by Facet Publishing <http://www.facetpublishing.co.uk>.
Related FreePint links:
To propose an information-related book or resource for review, send details to Monique Cuvelier, Editor of FreePint <editor@freepint.com>.
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Feature Article
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"Tough Love: Excelling at Customer Service
Is Not Just One Big Happy-Clappy Hugfest"
By Robbie Frazer
In 2001 I was asked to put a pool table into Prenax's converted industrial loft offices in North London. At this time, 'fun' was one of our three values and everyone was dotcom drunk. The champion of the pool table campaign was a trendy Dane with wild hair and crazy dance moves. The guy who sat next to him, the coquettish Hans - a flamboyant Swede - wanted us to install a swing. A swing, for goodness sake, suspended from the iron struts supporting the glass church roof. He wanted to enjoy his 'downtime' by swinging to and fro 6 feet over the customer service desks whilst humming ABBA classics to himself. He was genuinely disappointed when we kyboshed the idea, and the Dane never forgave us for our fun-free stance on the pool table.
A year later, someone in the company told me that 'success' and 'being valued' were actually more fun than a swing on the ceiling. And without those two important values, no one was likely to have a good time at all. We needed to sharpen up our act and made our first tough-love decision. Hans and the Viking were on the next boat out.
Hard lessons, hard decisions
I never realised that running a subscription agent could take me to the cutting edge of the new world of business, but that's what this act did. The gorgeously named Red Herring magazine (which popped with the bubble, only to re-emerge in '03 as an online-only production) was full of strange companies doing odd things but with photos of deliriously happy employees and delighted clients. They had onsite creches, concierge services (so your employers would wash your smalls for you), community outreach benefits packages and, of course, pool tables and swings. For some reason, the businesses were usually named after oddly coloured animals or fruit. The world was full of red bananas, blue parrots, pink fish, orange cats and red herrings. Customer service was all about being warm and fuzzy, peopled by friendly types who wore distressed jeans at client meetings and drank carrot juice for breakfast.
That's the storybook idea of customer service, and it doesn't work. Sometimes, treating your customers right hurts.
My point is that there are rock-solid reasons why a company should champion its people, really care about its customers and create a culture where customer service is central to everything. And those reasons are not all joss sticks and dungarees, but hard business motives that sometimes need very tough decisions to be made: to create this service culture where people take pride in their customer relations and generally seem to be enjoying work takes some effort.
In other words, some silk mittens have iron fists inside them. Consider the chap who runs Innocent, the organic smoothie maker. I used to have a very clear picture of him - knitting his own underwear out of muesli and smoking dolphin-friendly mung beans. But no, he's got visions and values up the ying yang and knows his balance sheets from his hessian. Here was a man who created the yoghurt equivalent of a group hug and still skimmed off a nice fat-free profit. Turns out the guy's running one of the sharpest companies around. Admirable stuff.
Think about all the trendy and excellent companies that debuted in recent memory. Pret a Manger kept their sandals dry when flogging a third to McDonald's; Ben and Jerry had more on their minds than Chunky Monkey flavourings when they sold up to Unilever; and Anita knew exactly how much strawberry foot salad she was shifting when negotiating L'Oreal's shoe-in to Body Shop.
Good investments
Clearly, being smart but tough about customer service is important from a supplier's profit perspective. Quite simply, a company that provides good customer service tends not to lose clients. New clients are expensive. Because you have to pay salespeople, it takes a huge amount of management time, and implementation costs mean you don't make a profit for ages - sometimes years. Also, if you offer lousy service, it's harder to acquire new clients because everyone knows you're a bit crap when it comes down to it. So how do you get business? Sell cheap. Yep, keep your market share by dropping your pants every time you get a sniff of a deal.
Now here's where you get into trouble and why customer service is a positive-feedback mechanism, scientifically speaking. The downward spiral comes from cutting your prices: you cut your fixed costs so that you hit profit targets which means you pay less (peanuts, monkeys, etc.) and those that survive the knife have less time per client, especially as there are more new clients replacing old ones. It all points to a deterioration in service. Which, in turn, leads to more client haemorrhaging, more staff cuts and more price reductions. Eventually your remaining clients are so hacked off they start to swear at you, your prospects don't trust you, your gross profits are plummeting and your staff are looking for the exit. And if your staff want out, your customers won't be far behind.
From a client's perspective, the picture is just as clear. In any mature B2B environment, you can be sure that no one is making super- normal profits over a long period of time. The odd product launch or technology breakthrough might buy a supplier a year or so of premium pricing, but the Darwinian mechanics of the market will see that competition will be on your doorstep sooner than you think. The paranoid in business are usually those that survive!
So, you pretty much get what you pay for. In my industry, there's a precise line that suppliers and customers are always trying to find - one where benefit exceeds cost. Presumably, Prenax and our competitors are much better at managing subscriptions than our clients are. But clients have to buy enough of our time to make sure they are getting enough service to make a difference. For example, pay too little and you simply get 'noise on the line', where the intermediary is actually creating more work because you end up managing them. Pay too much and you'll be paying our profit bonuses - something I'm sure is not high on your agenda. This line - often less than the most expensive but always higher than the cheapest - is where everyone's in profit.
Love hurts
That's the economics for dummies that everyone's aware of, but what is usually hidden is the fight against entropy that exists in all companies and is a daily event in the best. A customer service culture has one foot in both camps - the buyer's and the seller's - and, like straddling two canoes, can be painful if the balance is not right. It's fascinating to watch a group of people evolve in a work environment. The search for meaning at work is constant and if a positive model is not presented to us, then we'll look for other things to hang our hats on. That's not usually very pretty.
Most of us, as consumers, have experienced being passed like the proverbial hot potato from person to person in organisations that employ people who don't really care. It is infuriating and truly stressful ('Press 4 to feel like a number ...'). In many companies, good customer care has been reduced to being given your position in the queue. Dreadful. But leave a team of people to their own devices, don't give them support or anything to believe in, and even the most talented and positive of them will end up embittered, cynical clock-watchers.
So this fight against entropy is one a good company has to win and there are five weapons we have at our disposal to beat it:
1. People. There is a saying that you can't polish a brick (or
something like that but less polite). When building a good customer
service team, one has to be picky. That means only taking on people
who have the brains to understand a problem and the attitude to do
something about it. It also means that you usually pay a bit more
and offer a positive working environment.
But we all make mistakes. And mistakes need to be rectified or else you end up with the sediment effect. That is, an organisation where no one is ever fired. Pretty soon you get to a tipping point where the bad people control the culture and all the good people leave. The latter may even be in the majority, but such is the power of negative energy, just a few bad apples can affect the whole barrel.
2. Ownership. The people at the sharp end - the customer service team
- need to have the power to make decisions. They also have to own
their own clients, and this means no call centres.
3. Leadership. You can have all the mission statements you like, but
if the boss doesn't jump higher than he or she demands of others,
the whole structure crumbles. This means having immediate
escalation for unhappy clients. 'Escalation procedures' should be
thrown out - there's only one: talk to the boss. The management of
all staff should also be based on customer satisfaction and the
values that drive it. It sounds like the tosh that comes straight
out of an MBA textbook, but if progression and salary is determined
by client satisfaction, the results are quite predictable.
4. Stop fire-fighting. Easier said than done, of course, but if you
get things right first time, there's usually not much fire-fighting
later down the track. It's all down to economics again, and reminds
me of the proverbial story about pulling drowning people out of the
river when one should go upstream and stop the guy throwing them
in. It takes investment at the beginning - in my business it's
about mapping the client and cleaning the data - but it pays off in
the end, because more of the time you're buying goes on solving the
problems that naturally arise as opposed to cleaning up self-
imposed screw-ups.
5. Put your wotsits on the line. Sorry for the coarseness, but when a
service provider's fees (or pride) are related to SLA metrics, they
tend not to fail as much as when there are no financial
consequences. So from a customer's perspective, if you have had bad
experiences with a vendor, make sure there's a 'prenup' before you
jump into bed with the next supplier that brings you a bunch of
flowers.
So there it is. Customer service is really just about how much it is valued. And once you can put a pile of cash next to that value, the hard decisions suddenly start getting taken and a virtuous circle of client retention, positive culture and profit starts to become manifest. It's not always fun, but it feels better.
Robbie Frazer is Managing Director of the subscription agent Prenax, founded in 1991 with offices in London, Paris, Stockholm, New York, Boston and San Francisco. The Prenax Group also comprises Basch Subscriptions Inc., in New Hampshire and IS Abonnements in Paris. Robbie sits on the Executive Committee of the Association of Subscription Agents, is a member of SLA, a committee member and trustee of the City Information Group and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Prior to Prenax, Robbie worked in financial services and publishing. He holds a degree in Genetics from Nottingham University, an MBA from Cranfield and a diploma from the Chartered Institute of Marketing.
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